Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Proporsi Lapangan Kerja Informal terhadap Pengangguran Terbuka di Indonesia

Abstract

Open unemployment remains one of the structural challenges in Indonesia's economic development. Although national economic growth has shown a positive trend in recent years, the decline in unemployment has not been consistent. Previous research generally examines the relationship between economic growth and unemployment, but not many have studied the proportion of informal employment explicitly. This research aims to analyze the influence of economic growth and the proportion of informal employment on the open unemployment rate (TPT) in Indonesia in 2024. The research uses a quantitative approach based on secondary data from 38 provinces in Indonesia sourced from BPS. The research results show that economic growth has a positive effect, but it is not significant at the 5% level, so it cannot be stated as a factor that consistently reduces TPT. On the other hand, the proportion of informal employment has a negative and significant effect on TPT. Simultaneously, both variables have a significant effect on the open unemployment rate. These findings show that the dynamics of unemployment in Indonesia are not sufficiently explained by economic growth alone, but also by the structure of the labor market, especially the function of the informal sector as a workforce absorber. This research contributes to the employment literature by confirming the importance of the quality of growth and transformation of informal jobs towards more productive and protected formal jobs.